London / UK. (barc) As Brexit negotiations continue, a new report shows retailers could face additional tariffs totalling 9.3 billion GBP per year for food and drink products imported from the EU if a settlement isn’t reached. The new Barclays report, «Scale, Disruption and Brexit – a new dawn for UK food supply chains?» shows that in a no-deal Brexit, food retailers would be affected by a new average tariff of 27 percent on food and drink goods entering from the EU, significantly more than the 3-4 percent levy that would hit non-food products. Additionally, every consignment of goods from the EU will require a customs declaration which starts at a minimum of 50 GBP.
Last year, the UK imported 48 billion GBP worth of food and drink, approximately 40 percent of the total UK market. Of these, 71 percent originating from within the EU entered the UK free of customs duties and other trade costs. While a free trade deal or the Chequers option, would help the food industry avoid tariffs and related duties, a no-deal Brexit could mean significantly higher costs for retailers and consumers.
Ian Gilmartin, Head of Retail at Barclays Corporate Banking, comments: «The food and drink industry is one of the country’s most important sectors, employing millions of people across the UK. For the good of both UK business and consumers, the potential impact on our producers and grocery retailers should be front and centre of Brexit negotiations.
«Some products would avoid tariffs, even in a no-deal scenario, but for most goods the effect of an increased tariff burden would be extremely damaging, and cheaper goods would be the hardest hit. 71 percent of our imported food and drink comes from the EU, and 60 percent of our exports go to the EU. A positive agreement on trade is essential if we are to protect UK exporters and avoid significant price rises for UK consumers».
Food retailers are waiting to see whether a «Brexit deal» can be reached that keeps costs down for the sector. A full customs union, for example, would maintain the current tariff-free trade enjoyed by the UK and the EU but would limit the UK’s ability to trade unilaterally with other countries. A free trade agreement (FTA) would be likely to minimise the amount and cost of new tariffs imposed on trade. Though an FTA would still require extra fees from logistics, such as customs declarations, it would also free the UK to make other trade deals.
However, a no-deal Brexit would impose significant costs on food retailers, with varying tariffs for different types of products. For example, the Barclays report shows that fully processed food and drink products, such as orange juice, will attract the highest tariff rate of 31 percent compared to 29.5 percent for semi-processed food and drink such as white sugar, and 9.7 percent for primary products and raw materials like bananas.
Beyond such category based surcharges, some products also attract «specific duties», which are tariffs levied on a per unit basis; that is, by weight or volume. The Barclays report shows specific duties disproportionately target certain products including meat, cereal, olive oil, wine and sugar-based foods. By their nature, these tariffs place a higher burden on lower-value transactions.
Hardest hit will be those products that attract both a category tariff as well as a specific duty tariff, such as frozen beef with a specific duty of 298 percent. Common cooking products also face steep duties including beef cuts at 101 percent, cream at 81 percent and garlic at 71 percent.
Further costs could also mount under a hard Brexit. In addition to customs declarations, comes the burden of complying with stringent EU Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) regulations, which could be the equivalent of paying an extra 8 percent in duty tax on EU food and drink imports.
While Brexit is currently the most pressing issue for food retailers, wider consumer trends are also providing new challenges and opportunities. As the pace of life becomes busier, shoppers are visiting stores more often, with trips up 14.3 percent from 2013 to 2018, but buying less per visit, with average spend down 8.5 percent during the same period. According to the Barclays report, the convenience sector has been growing at an above-average rate, at 10 percent over the past four years compared to 7.1 percent for the industry – and is now worth 40 billion GBP. Likewise, the online food market has grown by an average of 12 percent since 2010.
At the same time, as wider economic upheaval has pinched household budgets, consumers have turned to discount food retail outlets such as Aldi and Lidl, leading to the «Big Four» facing a nearly 10 percent decline in market share since 2011. With many food retailers already struggling to adapt to a changing British market, Brexit negotiations could be adding an extra layer of uncertainty.
About Barclays
Barclays is a transatlantic consumer and wholesale bank offering products and services across personal, corporate and investment banking, credit cards and wealth management, with a strong presence in our two home markets of the UK and the US. With over 325 years of history and expertise in banking, Barclays operates in over 40 countries and employs approximately 80,000 people. Barclays moves, lends, invests and protects money for customers and clients worldwide.
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